PI3K–AKT Signaling and Systems Biology

The PI3K–AKT pathway is an excellent example of why cellular signaling should be studied as an interconnected network.

PI3K–AKT interacts with several major regulatory systems, including:

RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK

mTOR

AMPK

FOXO

NF-κB

Apoptotic signaling

Insulin signaling

These interactions allow cells to integrate growth, energy, stress, and survival information.

Rather than viewing PI3K–AKT as a single linear pathway, modern research increasingly considers it as part of a dynamic signaling network.